E&C firms are frequently forced to decide whether or not to bid on a project based on insufficient information. Major construction projects typically take five to ten years to complete, if not more, making it difficult to precisely define the scope and anticipate potential complexity or complications upfront. Furthermore, bidders have no idea how market changes will affect their costs between the time of the offer and the start of the project. Companies rely on employee experience to assess possible risks and profits, but these assessments are vulnerable to inherent biases and can be influenced by aggressive growth plans or …